Steering and suspension systems are crucial for vehicle handling, comfort, and safety.
Suspension System Components:
- Shock Absorbers (Shocks): Control the movement of the vehicle’s springs and dampen the impact of road irregularities. Worn shocks can lead to a bouncy or unstable ride.
- Struts: Combine the function of a shock absorber with a spring and provide structural support to the vehicle’s suspension. They are often used in the front suspension of modern vehicles.
- Coil Springs: Support the vehicle’s weight and absorb shock from the road. Worn or broken springs can affect ride height and handling.
- Leaf Springs: Used in some vehicles, especially trucks and SUVs, to support the rear suspension. They consist of several layers of metal and provide load-carrying capability.
- Control Arms (A-Arms): Connect the vehicle’s frame to the wheel hubs and allow for up and down movement of the wheels. They include ball joints and bushings that can wear out over time.
- Ball Joints: Allow for smooth movement between the control arms and the steering knuckles. Worn ball joints can lead to steering and handling problems.
- Bushings: Rubber or polyurethane components that cushion and reduce vibrations between various suspension parts. Worn bushings can cause noise, handling issues, and uneven tire wear.
- Sway Bar (Anti-Roll Bar): Reduces body roll during cornering and improves stability. It connects to the suspension and helps keep the vehicle balanced.
- Tie Rods: Connect the steering rack or gearbox to the steering knuckles. They help translate steering input into wheel movement. Worn tie rods can cause steering misalignment and play.
- Wheel Bearings: Allow the wheels to rotate smoothly and support the vehicle’s weight. Worn wheel bearings can cause noise, vibration, or uneven tire wear.
- Suspension Mounts: Connect suspension components to the vehicle’s frame or body. They absorb vibrations and impacts. Worn mounts can lead to clunking noises and poor handling.